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ABSTRACT
This paper contributes to this special issue by studying power from the perspective of the ability of actors to induce compliance with international norms. Presenting a case study of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative implementation in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, the paper explores how states get involved with and comply with the initiative. This case study shows that Central Asian states are socialized through a multiplicity of actors. Also, the power of inducing compliance with a norm is attained by various actors throughout the norm-implementation process.
Acknowledgements
I would like to thank the editors of this Special Issue, Dr. Filippo Costa Buranelli and Dr. Diana Kudaibergenova, for the support and invaluable comments. The draft version of this paper was presented at a workshop at Lund University in October 6-7, 2018 and at a roundtable at the Annual Convention of the International Studies Association in San Francisco in 2018. I thank all the participants of the workshop and members of the audience for their inputs and guidelines for the revision of the paper. I especially want to thank Stefano Guzzini for his encouragement and constructive criticism.
Disclosure Statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.
Notes
1. Tajikistan’s government has expressed its desire to re-start the EITI implementation (see more at https://eiti.org/tajikistan#implementation-). Because the country had not yet been evaluated on its progress and for the purpose of empirical conciseness, it was not included in this paper.
2. This has also been discussed by engaging the concept of potestas or domination by Bernardo Teles Fazendeiro (Citation2020, in this special issue).
3. For more on the idea of norm feedback see Zimmermann (Citation2017).
4. For more information on the Geology and Mining Committee, see www.geology.gov.kz.
5. A similar argument was made by Kerem Öge (Citation2015) in relationship to Azerbaijan.
6. It is beyond the scope of this paper to go into detail on the importance of President Nazarbayev in the political life of Kazakhstan, but one may refer to the several works of Assel Tutumlu and Ilyas Rustemov (2019, in this special issue) and Rico Isaacs (Citation2010), for example.
7. For more on Azerbaijan’s withdrawal, see https://eiti.org/news/azerbaijan-withdraws-from-eiti.