Effect of environmental exposure to hydrogen sulfide on central nervous system and respiratory function: a systematic review of human studies

Abstract

Background: Assessment of the health effects of low-level exposure to hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) on humans through experiments, industrial, and community studies has shown inconsistent results.

Objective: To critically appraise available studies investigating the effect of H₂S on the central nervous system (CNS) and on respiratory function.

Methods: A search was conducted in 16 databases for articles published between January 1980 and July 2014. Two researchers independently evaluated potentially relevant papers based on a set of inclusion/exclusion criteria.

Results: Twenty-seven articles met the inclusion criteria: 6 experimental, 12 industry-based studies, and 10 community-based studies (one article included both experimental and industry-based studies). The results of the systematic review varied by study setting and quality. Several community-based studies reported associations between day-to-day variations in H₂S levels and health outcomes among patients with chronic respiratory conditions. However, evidence from the largest and better-designed community-based studies did not support that chronic, ambient H₂S exposure has health effects on the CNS or respiratory function. Results from industry-based studies varied, reflecting the diversity of settings and the broad range of H₂S exposures. Most studies did not have individual measurements of H₂S exposure.

Discussion: The results across studies were inconsistent, justifying the need for further research.

Keywords:

• Hydrogen sulfide
• Central nervous system
• Respiratory function
• Geothermal

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Rosa Castro and John J Chen, the Biostatistics & Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine who read the manuscript and provided informative comments; Diane Kunichika, a medical librarian at the Tripler Army Medical Center, Medical Library (Honolulu, HI) who performed database search to validate the searched articles.