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Original Articles

Metal pollution in water environment and the associated human health risk from drinking water: A case study of Sukinda chromite mine, India

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Pages 1433-1455 | Received 15 Feb 2016, Accepted 29 Apr 2016, Published online: 01 Jul 2016
 

ABSTRACT

Sukinda is one of the most polluted regions of the globe due to chromium pollution. The study sheds light into the heavy metal pollution around the mining area and its effect on the health of the resident populace. The Cr(VI) was in the range of 0.027–2.48 mg/L in surface water and BDL–1.35 mg/L in the groundwater. Multivariate analysis revealed that mining activity was the main source of TCr, Cr(VI), and Zn in the surface water that warrants attention. Heavy metal evaluation index showed high levels of Fe, Mn, and Cr in groundwater that can pose serious threat to the exposed population. Cancer and non-cancer risk of Cr(VI) was higher than other metals in groundwater. The results revealed that the total cancer risk was 1.21E-03 and 1.05E-03 in adults and children, respectively, which exceeded the USEPA acceptable cancer health risk. High health risk was observed through oral intake of water, while both cancer and non-cancer risks were negligible through dermal contact. This study strongly advocates proper periodic assessment of drinking as well as surface water in the area and regulation to restrict the use of contaminated water for daily use.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Mr. Utsav Kashyap (Environmental Manager of TISCO, Sukinda Chromite Mine) for facilitating the collection of water samples during this study.

Funding

The authors would like to acknowledge Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, India, for providing research and financial facilities (Reg No: 2013DR0064).

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