Testing Different Communication Formats on Responses to Imagined Risk of Having Versus Missing the GSTM1 Gene

Abstract

Genetic markers of lung cancer susceptibility, such as the common variant of the glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 gene (GSTM1-null), confer small probabilities of disease risk. The authors explored the influence of different approaches to communicating the small variations in risk associated with this biomarker. College smokers (N = 128) imagined that they had the GSTM1 wild-type variant versus the GSTM1 null-type variant. The authors presented lung cancer risk in 6 ways that varied the risk format (absolute risk vs. incremental risk) and the presentation style of the information (no graphics vs. graphic display of foreground only vs. graphic display of foreground + background). Presentation style had minor effects. However, absolute risk information increased negative emotions more than did incremental risk information. Perceptions of risk and negative emotions were most profoundly affected by the difference between having the GSTM1 wild-type variant versus the GSTM1 null-type variant. The authors discuss implications for conveying small probabilities related to genetic risk.

Acknowledgments

This research was supported by a grant from the National Cancer Institute (R01 CA121922-01A2) and by an Intergovernmental Personnel Agreement from the National Cancer Institute to the first author.

Notes

Note. Means with different superscripts differ at p < .05.

Note. Means with different superscripts differ at p < .05.