Abstract
The extraction of phytocompounds from Achocha (Cyclanthera pedata) vegetable juice using traditional methods often results in suboptimal yields and efficiency. This study aimed to enhance the extraction process through the application of thermosonication (TS). To achieve this, an artificial neural network (ANN) and a genetic algorithm (GA) were utilized to simulate and optimize the process parameters. The study investigated the influence of ultrasonic amplitude (30%–50%), temperature (30 °C–50 °C), and sonication duration (15–60 min) on total polyphenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activity (AOA), and ascorbic acid content (AA). Remarkably, the ANN-GA optimization resulted in optimal TS conditions: an ultrasonic amplitude of 40%, a temperature of 40 °C, and a sonication duration of 30 min. Subsequent analysis of extraction kinetics and thermodynamics across various temperatures (30 °C–50 °C) and extraction times (0–30 min) demonstrated R2 (0.98821) and χ2 (1.74773) for TPC with activation energy (Ea) 26.0456, R2 (0.99906) and χ2 (0.07215) for TFC with Ea 26.2336, R2 (0.99867) and χ2 (0.03003) for AOA with Ea 26.0987, R2 (0.99731) and χ2 (0.13719) for AA with Ea 26.0984, validating the pseudo second-order kinetic model. These findings indicate that increased temperature enhances the saturation concentration and rate constant of phytochemical extraction.
Nomenclature
AA Ascorbic acidAJ Achocha juice AOA Antioxidant activity ANN Artificial Neural Networks Ea Activation energy EP Phytochemical compoundsEPP Phytochemical compounds polyphenolEPF Phytochemical compounds flavonoid EPAO Phytochemical compounds antioxidantEPA Phytochemical compounds ascorbic acidGAE Gallic acid equivalentsGA Genetic algorithmMAE Mean absolute errorMSE Mean square errorPS PasteurizationPSAJ Pasteurized achocha juiceQE Quercetin equivalentsR Coefficient of determinationRCCD Rotatable central composite designTFC Total flavonoid contentTPC Total phenolic contentTS ThermosonicationTSAJ Thermosonicated achocha juiceZ1 AmplitudeZ2 TemperatureZ3 Time
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).