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Abstract
Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) and its direct applications to measurement of volatile and semivolatile organic compounds in air are reviewed and discussed. The paper includes a brief discussion of the instrumental set-up and theory for the comprehensive GC × GC hyphenated with different detection techniques. Several reviewed types of modulators demonstrate that the applications of comprehensive GC × GC are still under development, underlying the flexibility of the system as well. The fundamental differences between one-dimensional and two-dimensional gas chromatography, regarding their potential to provide both qualitative and quantitative information, are also presented. The present article focuses on reported applications dealing with the analysis of volatile and semivolatile organic compounds from air (gas and particles related), but some data related to other sample types analyzed with comprehensive GC × GC are also briefly presented. The paper supports the idea that there is a good reason for interest in comprehensive GC × GC, which seems to be a suitable technique for applications in the separation of complex mixtures of volatile and semivolatile compounds.