Evaluating Non-response Bias in a Parent-Based College Alcohol Intervention

Abstract

Background: The purpose of this study was to address a dearth in the literature on non-response bias in parent-based interventions (PBIs) by investigating parenting constructs that might be associated with whether a parent volunteers to participate in a no-incentive college drinking PBI. Method: Incoming first-year students (N = 386) completed an online questionnaire that included items assessing plausible predictors of participation in a PBI (students’ drinking, perceptions of parents’ harm-reduction and zero-tolerance alcohol communication, whether parents allowed alcohol, and changes in parents’ alcohol rules). Four months later, all parents of first-year students at the study university were invited to join the PBI, which was described as a resource guide to teach them how to help their student navigate the college transition and prepare them for life at their university. Results: Parents who signed up for the intervention used greater harm-reduction communication than those who did not sign up, were more likely to have allowed alcohol use, and signing up was significantly associated with student reports that fathers became less strict toward drinking after high school. Students’ drinking and zero-tolerance communication did not significantly differ between the groups. Conclusion: Results indicate that non-response bias can be an issue when utilizing a real-world, non-RCT recruitment approach to invite parents into a PBI (i.e., non-incentivized, inviting all parents). Findings suggest that more comprehensive recruitment strategies may be required to increase parent diversity in PBIs.

Keywords:

• Parent-based intervention
• alcohol use
• college
• non-response bias
• harm reduction
• zero tolerance

Authors’ contributions

Initial concept for manuscript by BT and RM. Initial drafts of the introduction, method, results, and discussion were written by RM, BT and JL. JL, BT and RM oversaw data collection and conducted analyses. JL and SB wrote the grant proposal that funded this project (PI: JL). The final draft of this paper was edited by RM, BT, JL, and SB. All authors contributed to and have approved the final manuscript.

Declaration of interest

All authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Additional information

Funding

Support for this research was provided by NIAAA (grant R34 AA026422). The NIAAA had no role in the study design, collection, analysis, or interpretation of the data, writing the manuscript, or the decision to submit the paper for publication.