The effect of smartphone application interventions on physical activity level among university/college students: a systematic review protocol

Abstract

Introduction: Strong evidence has shown the benefits of engagement in recommended amount of physical activity. However, it is estimated that nearly half of university students do not participate in sufficient amount of physical activity. While entering university life is a transitional stage important for adopting a particular lifestyle, it is crucial to develop and implement novel strategies to promote physical activity among this population. A smartphone application is a potential media for delivering physical activity intervention. However, recent reviews in this area have demonstrated high levels of heterogeneity, potentially due to population diversity. To date there has been no attempt to synthesize the literature assessing the effectiveness of this particular intervention in university students.

Aim: The primary aim of this review is to investigate the effectiveness of smartphone application intervention on physical activity level among university students. The secondary aim is examining the behavior change technique elements of smartphone applications used in available studies.

Methods: Sixteen electronic databases will be searched for randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies reporting the effect of smartphone application intervention on physical activity outcomes among university students. Two reviewers will independently screen the potential studies and extract data from included studies. Active elements of smartphone applications used in included studies will be coded using the Behavior Change Technique taxonomy v1. Risk of bias and quality of evidence of individual studies will be assessed. The overall evidence will be presented in a narrative synthesis and quantitative synthesis.

Keywords:

• Exercise
• m-health
• physical activity
• smartphone applications
• university students

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge Anne Donnelly, librarian at the University of Edinburgh, who assisted with the development of the search strategy.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

The primary author (RAW) is supported by the Indonesia Endowment Fund for Education Scholarship (LPDP RI) under a master’s degree scholarship (201803120412571).

Notes on contributors

Rakhmat Ari Wibowo

Rakhmat Ari Wibowo, MD, is a lecturer in Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada. He has great interest in digital health for physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness intervention and measurement.

Paul Kelly

Dr Paul Kelly is a lecturer in Physical Activity for Health, Moray House School of Education, University of Edinburgh. His research focus includes evaluating initiatives aimed at increasing physical activity, and the health benefits (physical and mental) of these initiatives. I am particularly interested in walking and cycling.

Graham Baker

Dr Graham Baker is a lecturer in Physical Activity for Health Research, Moray House School of Education, University of Edinburgh, His research focus includes developing and evaluating interventions to increase physical activity, focus on inequalities and ethnicity but is also interested in physical activity in relation to student populations and also active travel.