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Research Articles

Spray-dried alginate microparticles for potential intranasal delivery of ropinirole hydrochloride: development, characterization and histopathological evaluation

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Pages 290-299 | Received 04 Jul 2018, Accepted 05 Jan 2019, Published online: 27 Nov 2019
 

Abstract

Ropinirole hydrochloride (RH) is an anti-Parkinson drug with relativity low oral bioavailability owing to its extensive hepatic first pass metabolism. Spray-dried mucoadhesive alginate microspheres of RH were developed and characterized followed by histopathological evaluation using nasal tissue isolated from sheep. Spherical microparticles having high product yield (around 70%) were obtained when the inlet temperature of spray drying was 140 °C. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) studies revealed the compatibility of the drug with the polymer, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that drug-loaded microparticles were spherical, and the apparent surface roughness was inversely related to the ratio of polymer to drug. Furthermore, size of the spray-dried particles were in the range of 2.5–4.37 µm, depending on formulation. All formulations had high drug encapsulation efficiencies (101–106%). Drug loaded into the polymeric particles was in the amorphous state and drug molecules were molecularly dispersed in the polymeric matrix of the microparticles which were revealed by X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. The in vitro drug release was influenced by polymer concentration. Histopathological study demonstrated that RH-loaded sodium alginate microparticles was safe to nasal epithelium. In conclusion, spray drying of RH using sodium alginate polymer has produced microparticles of suitable characteristics for potential intranasal administration.

Graphical Abstract

Acknowledgements

This is a collaborative study, and all authors have contributed significantly to conducting this research and writing this research article.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

We thank the Ministry of Higher Education of Kurdistan Regional Government, Republic of Iraq, for funding this study.

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