Transdermal drug delivery enhanced by low voltage electropulsation (LVE)

Abstract

The efficiency of low voltage electropulsation (LVE) technique for delivery of drugs and macromolecules across the skin was investigated. The in vitro studies were carried out across the porcine epidermis in Franz diffusion cells using salicylic acid and fluorescein labeled Dextran of molecular weight 10,000 Da (FD10K). LVE enhanced the transport of salicylic acid and FD10K by ~ 4-fold and ~ 2-fold, respectively over the control. The potential application of LVE in transdermal drug delivery was studied in the case of lidocaine hydrochloride. The transport of lidocaine hydrochloride was enhanced by ~ 8-fold over the control. The transport enhancement by LVE was compared with that of 1 min and 20 min constant DC iontophoresis at 0.5 mA/cm². Iontophoresis applied for 1 min delivers equivalent electrical dose as that of LVE (50 ms pulses for 20 min at 1 Hz) in the current set up. The transport by application of iontophoresis for 1 min was significantly less than the control (passive diffusion for 20 min). However, the application of iontophoresis for 20 min (electrical dose ~ 20-fold more than that of LVE) resulted in comparable drug transport as that of LVE. It is evident from the results of this experiment that the transdermal delivery of drugs could be enhanced by LVE which is a rather mild technique than electroporation or iontophoresis.

Keywords::

• Electropulsation
• iontophoresis
• porcine epidermis
• lidocaine hydrochloride
• transdermal
• electroporation

Acknowledgments

The present project was funded by National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin diseases (NIAMS), Grant # AR053097. The authors wish to acknowledge Dr Sek Wen Hui, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, for his valuable suggestions during this project. We also would like to extend our acknowledgements to Dr Murrell Godfrey for helping with fluorescence spectroscopy.

Declaration of interest: The authors report no conflicts of interest.