Ideology and Political Religion: Towards a Conceptualization of Generic Fascism

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Notes

Notes

1.  Rudolf Rocker, Nationalism and Culture (St. Paul: M. E. Coughlin, 1978), 240–41.

2.  Raymond Aron, L’Age des empires et l’avenir de la France (Paris: Ed. Défense de la France, 1946), 292–304

3.  Jules Monnerot, Sociology of Communism (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1976), 150–51.

4.  Michael Freeden, Ideologies and Political Theory: A Conceptual Approach (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996), 553.

5.  Ibid., 153.

6.  Ibid., 5, 188, 553.

7.  David E. Apter, “Political Religion in the New Nations,” in Old Societies and New States, ed. Clifford Geertz (London: Free Press of Glencoe, 1963), 57–104.

8.  Roger Griffin, “Introduction: God's Counterfeiters? Investigating the Triad of Fascism, Totalitarianism and (Political) Religion,” Totalitarian Movement and Political Religions 3 (2004): 291–325.

9.  George L. Mosse, The Nationalisation of the Masses (New York: Howard Fertig, 1975); Emilio Gentile, “The Sacralisation of Politics: Definitions, Interpretations and Reflections on the Question of Secular Religion and Totalitarianism,” trans. Robert Mallett, Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions 1 (2000): 18–55.

10.  Roger Griffin, The Nature of Fascism (London: Pinter, 1991), 238.