Adaptive capacity to changes in terrestrial ecosystem services amongst primary small-scale resource users in northern Norway and Sweden

ABSTRACT

This paper presents results from case studies in which we investigate the interrelations between changes in ecosystem services (ESs) and adaptive capacity among small-scale users of multi-use forest or outfields resources in northern Sweden and Norway. The study presents a framework that utilizes scenarios for changes in ESs under climate change in combination with qualitative interviews with outfield resource users in order to assess their adaptive capacity to the projected changes. The study illustrates that ESs may change significantly under climate change, and in particular affect winter snow and ice conditions, for instance increasing the duration of the growing season but with consequences for pasture quality. We find that given structural constraints, the key factors that influence the selected resource users’ adaptive capacity at an individual level include motivation and entrepreneurial inclinations, which are related to the lifestyle choice of making a livelihood based on small-scale and multi-use occupations.

KEYWORDS:

• Ecosystem services
• adaptation
• climate change
• Scandinavia
• adaptive capacity

Acknowledgements

We are grateful for the cooperation with our colleagues Grete K. Hovelsrud, Helene Amundsen and Julia Olsen. We are also grateful to all our interviewees for their time and cooperation, and their willingness to share their knowledge and experience.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

All authors acknowledge support from the CAVIAR-II project funded by the Norwegian Research Councils NORKLIMA-program. Carina Keskitalo is in addition grateful for support from the Swedish Research Council FORMAS (the Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning).