Induction of micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities by cyclophosphamide and colchicine in Xenotoca melanosoma (Pisces, Goodeidae) from Lake La Alberca in Michoacán, México

Abstract

This study is a follow-up of previous research in which we described the frequency of spontaneous micronucleated erythrocytes (MNE) in the Goodeid Xenotocoa melanosoma collected from Lake La Alberca, located in the state of Michoacán, México. In the present work, we measured micronuclei (MN) and nuclear abnormalities (NA) in erythrocytes of peripheral blood. Bioassays taken at 24 or 96 hours in either the cyclophosfamide (CP) or colchicine (COL) showed a significant increase in MN and BC (P values ranging from 0.0499 to 0.0036) compared with information from wild organisms collected over 3 years. Concentrationdependent and time-dependent responses support the proposal of using endemic Xenotoca melanosoma as a bioindicator of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity with a high transcendence for the health of the entire ecosystem and evaluation of the Lerma-Chapala watershed.

Keywords:

• Xenotoca melanosoma
• bioindicator
• cyclophosphamide
• colchicine
• spontaneous micronuclei
• nuclear abnormalities
• peripheral blood erythrocytes

Acknowledgments

This research was founded by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, grant number CB-06-59958; samples and management of wild organisms were performed under fishing license number DGOPA.00142.140108.0086 and wildlife license number SGPA/DGVS/07234/07. We thank Dr. Francisco W. Martínez Sandoval, Dean of Facultad de Medicina and Biol. David Ortiz Mendoza, Dean of the UAG Research Office. Also we thank Dr. Amy Villamagna, from the Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, for her critical review on the grammar and style of the manuscript.