Chemical and statistical interpretation of sized aerosol particles collected at an urban site in Thessaloniki, Greece

Abstract

The size distribution of aerosol particles (PM_0.015-PM₁₈) in relation to their soluble inorganic species and total water soluble organic compounds (WSOC) was investigated at an urban site of Thessaloniki, Northern Greece. The sampling period was from February to July 2007. The determined compounds were compared with mass concentrations of the PM fractions for nano (N: 0.015 < D_p < 0.06), ultrafine (UFP: 0.015 < D_p < 0.125), fine (FP: 0.015 < D_p < 2.0) and coarse particles (CP: 2.0 < D_p < 8.0) in order to perform mass closure of the water soluble content for the respective fractions. Electrolytes were the dominant species in all fractions (24–27%), followed by WSOC (16–23%). The water soluble inorganic and organic content was found to account for 53% of the nanoparticle, 48% of the ultrafine particle, 45% of the fine particle and 44% of the coarse particle mass. Correlations between the analyzed species were performed and the effect of local and long-range transported emissions was examined by wind direction and backward air mass trajectories. Multivariate statistical analysis (cluster analysis and principal components analysis) of the collected data was performed in order to reveal the specific data structure. Possible sources of air pollution were identified and an attempt is made to find patterns of similarity between the different sized aerosols and the seasons of monitoring. It was proven that several major latent factors are responsible for the data structure despite the size of the aerosols – mineral (soil) dust, sea sprays, secondary emissions, combustion sources and industrial impact. The seasonal separation proved to be not very specific.

Keywords:

• Multivariate statistics nanoparticles
• size distribution
• size-resolved aerosol
• ultrafine particles
• water soluble components.