Assessment of heavy metal pollution in surface soils and plant material in the post-industrial city of Katowice, Poland

ABSTRACT

This investigation was undertaken to assess the level of environment pollution by biological monitoring. The leaves and bark of popular ornamental trees Acer pseudoplatanus L. and Acer platanoides L. and soil from the sampling sites were used to perform heavy metals pollution monitoring in urban areas with different pollution sources, as well to investigate the suitability of the leaves and bark as bioindicators of Pb, Zn, Cd and Cu pollution. Plant samples were collected at nine locations classified into three pollution groups based on metal content in the soils. The chosen pollution indices were used to assess the level of contamination according to background values. Soils in the Katowice area are found to be relatively heavily contaminated with Pb, Zn and Cd. Both of the maple tree species did not statistically differ in terms of the investigated elements' concentration in leaves or bark. Only bark samples reflected the pollution level, showing differences between the sampling points, and therefore are recommended for biomonitoring purposes.

KEYWORDS:

• Acer pseudoplatanus
• Acer platanoides
• enrichment factor heavy metals
• pollution indices

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Przemek Olejniczak, PhD, who kindly assisted in revising the language of this article.