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Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A
Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering
Volume 55, 2020 - Issue 10
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Research Article

Detecting phthalate esters in sludge particulates from wastewater treatment plants

Cheng-Di Donga Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
,
Ming-Huang Wanga Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
,
Chih-Feng Chena Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, TaiwanORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0935-4847
ORCID Icon,
Yu-Jen Shihb Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
,
Ken-Lin Changb Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
,
Shu-Hui Leec General Study Center, College of General Education, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
,
Yi-Li Lind Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
,
Chung-Hsin Wue Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
&
Chiu-Wen Chena Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, TaiwanCorrespondence[email protected]
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Pages 1233-1240 | Received 02 Feb 2020, Accepted 04 Jun 2020, Published online: 17 Jun 2020
 
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Abstract

This study proposed a method for analysis of 10 phthalate esters compounds from wastewater treatment plant sludges. The analytical efficiency of GC-MS for of target compounds was verified by a standard mixture of phthalate esters. The response factors related to the respective internal standards from a five-point calibration curve quantified the phthalate esters in individual compounds. Based on the literature compiled by environmental agencies, new generation phthalate compounds have been developed, such as di-iso-nonyl phthalate (DiNP), di-iso-decyl phthalate (DiDP), as alternative to conventional phthalates. The analytical results showed that the total PAEs concentration was in the range from 7.4 to 138.6 mg kg−1 dw in these seven analyzed sludge samples. More, di-iso-nonyl phthalate (DiNP), di-iso-decyl phthalate (DiDP) and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) contributed to over 99% of PAEs in the sludge. The correlation between total PAEs concentration in household and sewage flow treated at seven WWTPs and concentrations of DEHP, DiNP and DiDP was significant.

Acknowledgments

The author thanks Huimin Environmental Tech Corporation (Taiwan) for assisting in sludge sampling.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

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