The concentration of phthalates in toys and children's care items in Kosovo

Abstract

In this study, one hundred and twenty-eight toys and children's care items available in the Kosovo market were analyzed to determine the presence of phthalates and evaluate if the analyzed samples meet the national and EU standards. Toys and children's care items were imported from twelve countries, most of them from China. Phthalates were extracted and then analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Nine phthalates were analyzed in total, of them, benzyl butyl phthalate, di-isodecyl phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate and di-isononyl phthalate were the most frequently detected phthalates in the analyzed samples. Phthalates were not detected only in three toys and children's care items, others contained one or more phthalates, while none of them contained all (nine) analyzed phthalates. In total, 22 analyzed toys and children's care items did not fulfill at least one of the EU standards, of these 16 were toys and children's care items intended for children under age three and designed to be placed in the mouth. Overall, our work shows that toys and children's care items that exceed EU standards for phthalates are still present in the Kosovo market.

Keywords:

• Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
• DIDP
• DIBP
• DINP
• DNOP
• DEP
• DEHP
• DMP
• DBP

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this article are available from the corresponding author, Avni Hajdari, upon reasonable request.

Additional information

Funding

This work was partly supported by The Minister of Education, Science and Technology, under grant no. 2374.