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Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A
Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering
Volume 57, 2022 - Issue 13-14
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Research Article

Trace element speciation in sludge: a preliminary study to assess contamination levels in the sewage network

Md. Saiful Islama Environmental Assessment and Technology for Hazardous Waste Management Research Center, Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand;b Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh;c Centre for River and Coastal Engineering (CRCE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, MalaysiaCorrespondence[email protected]
ORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3598-0315
ORCID Icon,
Khamphe Phoungthonga Environmental Assessment and Technology for Hazardous Waste Management Research Center, Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
,
Zulhilmi Ismailc Centre for River and Coastal Engineering (CRCE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Malaysia;d School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Malaysia
,
Ilya Khairanis Othmanc Centre for River and Coastal Engineering (CRCE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Malaysia;d School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Malaysia
,
Shamsuddin Shahidc Centre for River and Coastal Engineering (CRCE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Malaysia;d School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Malaysia
,
Daeng Siti Maimunah Ishakc Centre for River and Coastal Engineering (CRCE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Malaysia;d School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Malaysia
,
Amyrhul Abu Bakarc Centre for River and Coastal Engineering (CRCE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Malaysia;d School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Malaysia
,
Erwan Hafizi Kasimanc Centre for River and Coastal Engineering (CRCE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Malaysia;d School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Malaysia
,
Mir Mohammad Alie Department of Aquaculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
,
Md. Humayun Kabirf Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
,
Bede Izuchukwu Ezewudog Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology (Hydrobiology/aquatic Sciences Research Unit), Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria;h Department of Zoology (Hydrobiology and Fisheries Research Unit), Faculty of Biosciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
&
Abubakr M. Idrisi Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia;j Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
 show all
Pages 1073-1083 | Received 19 Dec 2021, Accepted 22 Oct 2022, Published online: 16 Jan 2023
 
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Abstract

The spreading of sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants and various industries arouses the growing interest due to the contamination by trace elements. Sludges were collected from one sewage treatment plant and two industries in Dhaka City, Bangladesh to assess physicochemical parameters and total and fraction content of trace elements like Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, Pb, Fe, Mn and Zn in sludges. We evaluated the bioavailability of theses metals by determining their speciation by sequential extraction, each metal being distributed among five fractions: exchangeable fraction, bound to carbonate fraction, Fe-Mn oxide bound fraction, organic matter bound fraction and residual fractions. We found that all the analyzed sludges had satisfactory properties from an agronomic quality point of view. The average concentration (mg/kg) of trace metals in sludge samples were in the following decreasing order Fe (12807) > Cr (200) > Mn (158) > Zn (132) > Cu (68.2) > Ni (42.5) > Pb (36.4) > As (35.1) > Cd (3.7). The results of the sequential extraction showed that Cr, Ni, Cu, Fe and Mn were largely associated with the residual fraction where As, Cd and Pb was dominantly associated with the exchangeable and carbonate bound fractions and Zn showed a considerable proportion in carbonate bound fraction. These results showed that regulations must take into account the bioavailability with regard to the characteristics of the agricultural soils on which sludge will be spread.

Acknowledgments

The author is thankful to the authority of Patuakhali Science and Technology University (PSTU), Dumki, Patuakhali-8602, Bangladesh for sample processing and Tokyo University, Japan for sample analysis. The authors extend their appreciation to the Deputyship for Research & Innovation, Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia for funding this research work through the project number IFP-KKU-2020/4.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Funding

The author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.

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