Ecotoxicological perspectives of microplastic pollution in amphibians

ABSTRACT

Microplastics (MPs) are contaminants widely distributed in the environment and biota. Previously, most studies focused on identifying and characterizing microplastics in the marine environment, while their impact on freshwater ecosystems remains to be determined. This review summarizes recent findings regarding MPs physiological, immunological, and genetic effects on amphibians based upon the biological relevance of this species as indicators of freshwater pollution. Data demonstrated that MPs contamination may potentially alter various physiological processes in aquatic animals, mainly in the embryonic stages. It is worthwhile noting that adverse effects might be enhanced in synergy with other pollutants. However, amphibians might counteract the effect of MPs and other pollutants through microbiota present both in the intestine and on the skin. In addition, amphibian microbial composition might also be altered by MPs themselves in a manner that leads to unpredicted health consequences in amphibians.

KEYWORDS:

• Amphibian
• freshwater
• microplastic
• microbiota
• ecotoxicology

Acknowledgments

All individuals who contributed to this work have been listed as authors.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability statement

Data sharing does not apply to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in thisstudy.

Additional information

Funding

This work was jointly supported by Proyecto Ciencia de Frontera 2019 (CF-MI-20191011141615229-154374) and the CONACyT-National Postdoctoral Fellowship program 2021 awarded to Dr. M.A.B.A.