Households’ participation in and expenditure on recreation and tourism in Pakistan

ABSTRACT

We employ Heckman selection models and Probit, OLS techniques to estimate the effect of socio-economic factors on household participation in and expenditure on recreation and tourism in Pakistan. Results show that income, education, region and women’s empowerment increase the probability of households in participation in on recreational and tourism while the number of adults and children in the households decreases probability. Similarly, household income and age of the household head positively but the number of adults and children negatively affect households’ expenditure on tourism. Strategies and policies in favor of low income and large families’ participation in tourism are recommended.

KEYWORDS:

• Recreation and tourism
• socio-economic factors
• women empowerment
• Heckman selection models

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

ORCID

Zahoor ul Haq http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6813-6746