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ABSTRACT
This study seeks to identify similarities and differences between vocational and academic-level bachelor programs within Indonesian hospitality and tourism education. Both the abilities and knowledge profiles of the graduates and the curriculum content are considered. These degrees were developed in 2008 following government recognition of hospitality and tourism as a field of study. Formerly these areas of study were only offered at diploma levels with a strong vocational emphasis. The findings from archival and interview assessments indicate that although subtle differences exist in the content of vocational and academic bachelor offerings, they are largely indistinguishable. A more searching underpinning of the programs using a distinctive educational philosophy is suggested to guide the aims and objectives of the different degrees. Such a structured approach could serve as a guideline for the selection of course content and teaching and learning endeavors.
Acknowledgments
This article was originally presented at the World Conference on Hospitality, Tourism, and Event Research 2013 in Bangkok, Thailand, on May 25–28, titled “Exploring the Curriculum Development of D IV and Bachelor Programs for Hospitality and Tourism Studies in Indonesia.” Appreciation is given to the Association of the Indonesian Tourism Tertiary Education Institutions (HILDIKTIPARI – Himpunan Lembaga Pendidikan Tinggi Pariwisata Indonesia), Hotel Training Managers Association, industry professionals, and BINUS University (Jakarta, Indonesia). Special thanks to Mrs. Shintia Revina, Dr. Roozbeh Babolian Hendijani, Professor Philip Pearce, and the reviewers for their input and comments on the draft of this study.