Correction

This article refers to:

The disease of corruption: Missing funds and health conditions in Brazilian municipalities

Article title: The disease of corruption: Missing funds and health conditions in Brazilian municipalities

Authors: Medeiros-Costa, C. C.

Journal: International Public Management Journal

DOI: 10.1080/10967494.2022.2072032

When this article was first published online, Tables 2, 4, and 5 were incorrect. They have been updated with the correct versions.

The original tables have been preserved below:

Table 2. Descriptive Statistics.

Variable	Description	Obs	Mean	Std. Dev.
Variable of interest
Health Corruption Index	Index of corruption, calculated by equation 1. Source: CGU	886	0.232	0.242
Dependent Variable
Health Professionals per 1000 inhabitants	Number of health professionals per 1,000 inhabitants. Source: Data SUS	898	7.707	3.511
Hospital beds per 1000 inhabitants	Number of total beds, including for observation, urgent care, hospitalization, recovery from urgent care, and outpatients per 1,000 inhabitants. Source: Data SUS	898	2.436	2.787
Population share assisted by the Family Health Program	% of the population covered by ESF. Source: Data SUS.	898	0.742	0.342
Admissions per inhabitant	Number of hospital admissions per habitants. Source: Data SUS.	898	0.065	0.0259
Deaths in Hospital	% of total deaths that occurred in the hospital. Source: Data SUS.	898	0.577	0.159
Infant Mortality Rate	Number of deaths per 1,000 live births of children under one year of age. Source: Data SUS.	898	16.869	14.231
Appropriate antenatal care coverage	% of live births in which the mother had had at least 4 antenatal medical visits. Source: Data SUS.	898	0.882	0.1103
Share of Investment Expenditure	% of total resources spent as investment. Source: Data SUS.	898	0.052	0.0634
Control Variable
Mismanagement Index	Numerator is the sum of the number of service orders (SO) in which mismanagement problems were found; the denominator denotes the total number of service orders verified. Source: CGU	886	0.753	0.240
Education Corruption Index	Numerator is the sum of the number of service orders (SO) in which irregularities were found; the denominator denotes the total number of service orders verified in the education sector. Source: CGU	898	0.254	0.276
Federal Alignment	Dummy variable equals 1 if the mayor's party supports the President, considering the party that elected the mayor. Source: Superior Electoral Court and Mauerberg Jr and Pereira (2020).	898	0.586	0.493
Number of civil servants per capta	Total of civil servants divided by population. In the years in which the MUNIC survey was not carried out, the value was calculated by interpolation between the closest available years. Source: Municipal Basic Information Survey - MUNIC	898	0 .0437	0.0181
% Temporary civil servants	Percentage of civil servants of direct administration with temporary contract. In the years in which the IBGE survey was not carried out, the value was calculated by interpolation between the closest available years. Source: Municipal Basic Information Survey - MUNIC	898	0.127	0.125
GDP	Gross Domestic Product (BRL 1000) – Logarithmic. – Source: Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics (IBGE)	898	10.63	1.298
Population	Population. In the years in which the IBGE census was not carried out, the value used was the estimates of the total population of Brazilian Municipalities and Federation Units, with reference date on July 1st. Source: Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics (IBGE)	898	25778.49	53302.09
Number of places for admissions in general	Total of places for hospitalization in the municipality. Source: Data SUS	898	1.598	3.019
Number of place for urgent care	Total of places for urgent care in the municipality. Source: Data SUS	898	1.699	3.071

Table 4. Effects of corruption on Health Performance.

	Hypothesis I		Hypothesis II		Hypothesis III		Hypothesis IV
	I	II	III	IV	V	VI	VII	VIII
	Health Professionals per 1000 inhabitants	Hospital beds per 1000 inhabitants	Share of population covered by the Family Health Program	Admissions per 1000 inhabitants	Appropriate antenatal care coverage	Share of Deaths in Hospital	Infant Mortality Rate	Share of Investment Expenditure
Health Corruption Index	−14.52***	−3.501	−0.883*	−0.122***	−1.156***	−0.70***	41.27**	−0.0298
	(5.487)	(3.690)	(0.479)	(0.0455)	(0.340)	(0.262)	(20.89)	(0.0811)
Observations	886	886	886	886	886	886	886	886
Municipal Controls	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES
Year FE	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES

Standard errors in parentheses

***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1

Table 5. Summary of hypothesis.

Hypothesis	Results
Hypothesis 1: The higher the corruption, the lower the inputs available for providing health services.	Supported by model 1
Hypothesis 2: The higher the corruption, the lower the outputs of health services.	Supported
Hypothesis 3: The higher the corruption, the lower the health outcomes of health services.	Supported
Hypothesis 4: The percentage of resources allocated to capital expenditures will be greater in municipalities with higher corruption levels.	Not Supported