Premillennium Tension Malcolm X and the Eschatology of the Nation of Islam

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Notes

1. Edward E. Curtis, Islam in Black America: Identity, Liberation, and Difference in African-American Islamic Thought (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2002), p. 65.

2. Albert J. Raboteau, A Fire in the Bones (Boston: Beacon Press, 1995), pp. 53–54.

3. Ibid., 54–55.

4. Eddis S. Glaude, Exodus: Religion, Race and Nation in Early Nineteenth-Century Black America (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2000), pp. 1–2.

5. FBI Surveillance file, New York, January 28, 1955.

6. C. Eric Lincoln, Black Muslims in America, 3rd ed. (Grand Rapids, Mich.: William Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1994), p. 57.

7. Ibid., p. 58.

8. Ibid., p. 62.

9. Paul Gilroy, Against Race: Imagining Political Culture Beyond the Color Line (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2000), p. 331.

10. Michael Lieb, Children of Ezekiel: Aliens, UFOs, the Crisis of Race, and the Advent of the End Time (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1998), p. 92.

11. Muhammad, Message to the Blackman in America, Ch. 125:1–6.

12. Alex Haley, The Autobiography of Malcolm X as Told to Alex Haley (New York: Grove Press, 1965), p. 190.

13. FBI Surveillance file, January 31, 1956.

14. Ibid.

15. Los Angeles Herald Dispatch, October 10, 1957.

16. FBI Surveillance file, January 31, 1956.

17. Ibid.

18. Haley, Autobiography, pp. 164–164.

19. Louis A. DeCaro, On the Side of My People: A Religious Life of Malcolm X (New York: New York University Press, 1996), p. 94.

20. FBI Surveillance file, January 31, 1956.

21. Jamal, From the Dead Level, pp. 181–184.

22. Los Angeles Herald Dispatch, October 10, 1957.

23. FBI Surveillance file, January 31, 1956.

24. For example, see “The Hate that Hate Produced,” transcript, 1959.

25. FBI Surveillance file, April 30, 1957.

26. Ibid.

27. Curtis, pp. 66–67.

28. FBI Surveillance file, September 23, 1952.

29. FBI Surveillance file, March 16, 1954.

30. FBI Surveillance file, January 31, 1956.

31. FBI Surveillance file, May 23, 1955.