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Abstract
The official Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary is criticized and it is suggested that a new boundary needs to be decided upon.
Scandinavia has been glaciated more or less completely many times during the six glacial ages from the Pre-Tiglium ice age. Also during cool intervals in the Holstein interglacial most or a large part of it was covered by ice sheets. The presence or absence of Picea, Ulmus, Tilia etc. in Baltic area during early and middle subages of interglacials is discussed in order to find evidences for or against semi-interglacials in the Holstein or Great interglacial.
During long, cool phases as e. g. Würm I the Scandinavian ice sheet may have been united with the Svalbard-Barent Sea ice sheet as suggested by Hoppe, Schytt and Grosswald. It also seems probable that such a development requires an open Arctic Ocean in order to make a sufficient amount of precipitation available.
The paleomagnetic time scale is found to be in strong need of revision. The uranium series dating as well as the astronomical time scale are questioned. It is suggested that the Pleistocene began some 700,000 years ago and the Cromer interglacial fall at about 350,000 B. P.