A systematic review of occupational therapy interventions in the transition from homelessness

Abstract

Background

Although systematic and scoping reviews have identified a range of interventions for persons experiencing homelessness, no known reviews have captured the range and quality of intervention studies aimed at supporting a transition from homelessness.

Objectives

To capture the range and quality of occupational therapy intervention studies aimed at supporting a transition to housing following homelessness.

Method

Using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines, we conducted a systematic review including a critical appraisal and narrative synthesis of experimental studies.

Results

Eleven studies were included. Critical appraisal scores ranged from 33.3 to 88.9 of a possible score of 100 (Mdn = 62.5; IQR = 33.4). The majority of studies evaluated interventions for the development of life skills (n = 9; 81.8%), and all were conducted in the USA. Several of the included studies were exploratory evaluation and feasibility studies, and all were quasi-experimental in design. Only three studies (27.2%) incorporated a control group. Intervention strategies included (1) integrated group and individual life skills interventions (n = 6); (2) group-based life skills interventions (n = 3); and (3) psychosocial and consultative interventions (n = 2).

Conclusions

Research evaluating occupational therapy interventions aimed at supporting homeless individuals as they transition to housing is in an early stage of development.

Significance

Implications for research and practice are discussed.

Keywords:

• Homeless persons
• activities of daily living
• occupational therapy
• meaningful engagement
• systematic review

Disclosure statement

The authors claim no financial interest or benefit arising from the direct applications of this research.