Molecular characterization of carbapenem- resistant Enterobacteriaceae yields increasing rates of NDM-1 carbapenemases and colistin resistance in an OXA-48- endemic area

Abstract

We aimed to characterize carbapenem-resistant isolates in a tertiary hospital in Istanbul, Turkey, high-prevelance area for OXA-48 producers. About 76 Enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates were included. Carbapenemase production was detected by Carbapenem Inactivation Method and carbapenemase genes were investigated by PCR. The clonal relationships were evaluated by AP-PCR. Nineteen Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were colistin resistant. About 75 isolates yielded carbapenemase by CIM. 52 OXA-48, 17 NDM-1 and 2 VIM-5 carbapenemase genes were detected. Co-production of ‘OXA-48 and NDM-1’ and ‘OXA-48 and VIM-5’ were demonstrated in two Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. The total clustering rate was 20.2%. About 69 Klebsiella pneumoniae yielded 60 profiles and 12 isolates formed five clusters. We have demonstrated the presence of OXA-48 carbapenemases in the majority of isolates in a large collection of carbapenemase-producing isolates from a single hospital. The relatively high rates of NDM-1-producing isolates and colistin resistance is noteworthy.

Keywords:

• Enterobacteriaceae
• Carbapenemases
• Molecular characterization
• OXA-48
• NDM-1
• Colistin resistance

Acknowledgement

We thank to Ruchir Chavada (Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Pathology North, Gosford Hospital, Australia) for english proof-reading of our manuscript.