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Abstract
Plant and lichen phytosociological studies describe the different dynamic stages of colonization. This approach has been applied to the Balangero asbestos mine, the most important of Western Europe up to 1990, which is a potential source for the air-dispersion of carcinogenic fibres. Vegetation relevés and maps have shown that plants and lichens develop spontaneously on the asbestos-rich substrates. Early colonization stages with low-covering hyperaccumulators, such as Thlaspi sylvium and Minuartia laricifolia, and with Thymus alpestris and T. cfr. humifusus, are followed, some decades later, by mature plant communities, which completely cover the asbestos-rich debris, thereby limiting the dispersion of fibres. Lichen colonization, even when limited to low covering early stages with pioneer crustose species, such as Scoliciosporum umbrinum and Candelariella vitellina, and young foliose thalli of Xanthoparmelia tinctina, is important whenever asbestos veins are exposed on serpentinite blocks and walls. Plants and lichens can be considered as bioattenuation (spontaneous bioremediation) agents in ecological recovery.
Acknowledgements
The authors wish to express their gratitude to the R.S.A. s.r.l. staff of the Balangero mine for their constant assistance during the field-work and to Prof. Pier Luigi Nimis (University of Trieste, Italy) for his painstaking revision. This work is coordinated by the “Scansetti Interdepartmental Centre for the Study of Asbestos and other Toxic Particles” and is supported by funds from PROVIN (Provincia di Torino), Regione Piemonte and CEBIOVEM (The Centre of Excellence for Biosensing through the use of Plants and Microorganisms).