Characterization of Gypsophila species and commercial hybrids with nuclear whole-genome and cytoplasmic molecular markers

Abstract

The genus Gypsophila contains about 150 annual and perennial flowering plant species native to the temperate regions of Europe and Asia. Nowadays Gypsophila species are present worldwide as garden ornamental plants. Although Gypsophila is one of the most economically important ornamental crops, little is known about its genetic variability and the relationships among the different wild species, cultivars, and commercial hybrids. The aim of our work was to analyze genetic distances among 5 wild species and 13 commercial hybrids of Gypsophila with similar phenotypes but unknown origin. For this purpose, we have used amplified fragment length polymorphism, target region amplification polymorphism, and inter simple sequence repeat whole-genome markers and chloroplast simple sequence repeat (cpSSR), targeting chloroplast DNA. Nuclear markers were found to distinguish all the analyzed samples while cpSSR markers were found to discriminate the different wild species, but could not sufficiently separate the commercial hybrids. This notwithstanding, the data obtained allowed us to cluster the commercial hybrids into different sub-groups and to determine the relationships with the putative species of origin.

Keywords:

• AFLP
• cpSSR
• genetic analysis
• Gypsophila
• ISSR
• TRAP

Acknowledgements

The Authors wish to thank Dr Pasqualetto, Azienda Agricola Meristema S.r.l., Cascine di Buti, Pisa (Italy), for providing the plant material. The Authors are grateful to Dr Priscilla Bettini and to Dr Stefano Biricolti for critically reading and commenting on the manuscript.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Italian Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MiPAAF) funding the research project “Metodi innovativi per il miglioramento genetico di Gypsophila”, D.M. 186/2007.