Free-living culturable bacteria and protozoa from the rhizoplanes of three floating aquatic plant species

Abstract

Terrestrial plant roots exude compounds that promote the proliferation of microorganisms, a phenomenon called the rhizosphere effect. However, little is known about the influence of roots of aquatic plants on microbial populations. We compared cultivable bacteria and protozoa from the rhizoplanes of Azolla filiculoides Lam., Lemna gibba L., and Ricciocarpus natans L., collected at the Tecocomulco Lagoon (Hidalgo, Mexico). The functional bacterial groups isolated from A. filiculoides, L. gibba and R. natans, were macro- and microscopically characterized, and phylogenetically identified using the 16S rDNA gen. About 96% of isolates corresponded to Gram-negative bacteria, and potential N-fixing free-living bacteria (diazotrophic bacteria) were the most abundant. Molecular analysis detected 15 bacterial genera in the rhizoplane of R. natans, whereas A. filiculoides and L. gibba only yielded five genera, among which Aeromonas was predominant. Twenty-five genera of flagellated and 20 genera of ciliated protozoa were identified. Bodo was the more abundant flagellated, whereas Halteria was the most frequent ciliate. All three aquatic plants showed the rhizospheric effects. The most abundant and diverse community of protozoa was found in A. filiculoides, which also had the most abundant bacterial community, but the highest bacterial diversity was found in R. natans.

Keywords::

• Azolla
• Lemna
• Ricciocarpus
• rhizosphere effect
• protozoan
• flagellate
• ciliate
• functional bacteria
• 16S rDNA

Acknowledgements

The authors thank the invaluable revisions and comments of two anonymous reviewers by which this manuscript was significantly improved.

Additional information

Funding

The authors specially thank the Mexican Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT-Mexico) for financial support for E. Q.-T. during his master studies.