Site-specific factors influence the richness and phenology of snowbed plants in the Pyrenees

Abstract

Although the timing of snowmelt and growth temperatures appear to be the main factors that influence the species richness and phenology of snowbed plants, site-specific characteristics may also play a role in modifying the effects of the timing of snowmelt and temperature. In this study, the effects of site-specific factors (microtopography and snow origin) on species richness and plant phenology were evaluated in 72 plots in two snowbeds in the Andorran Pyrenees. Snowmelt patterns influenced the spatial distribution of species richness and abundance. Site-specific factors had significant effects on the responses of species (shortening or lengthening the duration of the phenophase) and on the extent to which the timing of snowmelt influenced leaf expansion and flowering. Notably, the highest rates of leaf expansion occurred on late snowmelt isoclines, where, nevertheless, the time taken to reach peak flowering was significantly longer than on the early snowmelt isoclines. The results of this study highlight the fact that, in addition to the effects of interannual variability in climate, site-specific factors have a significant effect on the phenology and reproductive success of the commonest plants in the snowbed communities of the Pyrenees.

Keywords:

• Phenology, Pyrenees, richness, site-specific, snowbed

Additional information

Funding

For financial support, we would like to thank both the Spanish [grant number CGL2006-04205], [grant number CGL2010-17172], CONSOLIDER MONTES CSD [grant number 2008-0040] and the Catalan [grant number SGR 2009-458] governments. We also thank the European Research Council [Synergy grant number 610028, P-IMBALANCE].