Effect of temperature and cold stratification on seed germination of the Mediterranean wild aromatic Clinopodium sandalioticum (Lamiaceae)

Abstract

A germination study was carried out on seeds of Clinopodium sandalioticum (Bacch. & Brullo) Bacch. & Brullo ex Peruzzi & Conti (Lamiaceae), a wild aromatic plant endemic to Sardinia. Seeds were incubated at a range of constant (5–25°C) and an alternating temperatures regime (25/10°C), with 12 hours of irradiance per day. The results achieved at 10°C were also compared with those obtained after a period of cold stratification at 5°C for three months. Final seed germination ranged from ca. 28% (5°C) to ca. 72% (25/10°C). A base temperature for germination (T_b) of ca. 5°C and a thermal constant for 50% germination (S) of 89.3°Cd were identified and an optimal temperature for germination (T_o) was estimated to be comprised between 20 and 25°C. Cold stratification negatively affected seed viability and germination at 10°C. Although a typical “Mediterranean germination syndrome”, could not be detected for C. sandalioticum seeds, these results were coherent with those previously reported for other Mediterranean Lamiaceae species.

Keywords:

• Base temperature
• cold stratification
• endemic
• germination rate
• Mediterranean climate

Acknowledgment

The “Centre for the Conservation of Biodiversity (CCB)” is supported by the “Provincia di Cagliari – Assessorato Tutela Ambiente”.

Funding

This work was supported by the Ente Foreste della Sardegna, Regione Autonoma della Sardegna.