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Articles

Security sector reform in Haiti since 2004: limits and prospects for public order and stability

Pages 292-306 | Published online: 06 Jul 2017
 

ABSTRACT

Security sector reform (SSR) has been at the core of the international intervention in Haiti since the mid-1990s. Following the deployment of MINUSTAH in 2004, the scope of SSR varied, with more or less consideration for non-state actors, and influenced public order and violence in the country. Under President René Préval (2006–2009), efforts were made to address the role of non-state actors in the production of public order and security provision at the local level, with positive impact on the level of public order in Port-au-Prince. After the 2010 earthquake and the election of Michel Martelly, however, this approach was mostly abandoned. International donors refocused their assistance in the security sector on the development of the national police. By 2014, despite continued international presence, Haiti registered the highest level of homicides since 2007. This article contends that state-centric SSR is unlikely to improve security and stability in this context since it ignores parts of the Haitian security sector.

RÉSUMÉ

La réforme du secteur de la sécurité (RSS) est au cœur de l’intervention internationale à Haïti depuis le milieu des années 90. À la suite du déploiement de la MINUSTAH en 2004, l’étendue de la RSS a varié, avec une prise en compte plus ou moins importante des acteurs non-gouvernementaux, et eu une influence sur l’ordre public et la violence dans le pays. Sous le Président René Préval (2006-2009), des efforts ont été accomplis pour résoudre la question du rôle des acteurs non-gouvernementaux dans la génération de l’ordre public et la mise en place de la sécurité aux plans locaux, avec un impact positif sur le degré d’ordre public à Port-au-Prince. Cependant, à la suite du tremblement de terre de 2010 et de l’élection de Michel Martelly, cette approche a été largement abandonnée. Les donateurs internationaux ont déplacé leur soutien au secteur de la sécurité sur le développement vers celui de la police nationale. En 2014, malgré une présence internationale continue, le taux d’homicides à Haïti était le plus élevé depuis 2007. Cet article soutient qu’il est peu probable qu’une RSS axée sur l’État améliore la sécurité et la stabilité dans ce contexte, étant donné qu’elle ignore certaines composantes du secteur haïtien de la sécurité.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

Notes on contributor

Gaëlle Rivard Piché holds a PhD in international affairs from Carleton University, and she works as strategic analyst for Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC). In 2014–2015, she was a Fulbright research fellow in the International Security Program at the Harvard’s Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. The ideas presented here are the author’s own and do not represent the position of DRDC, the Department of National Defence, the Canadian Armed Forces, or the Government of Canada.

Additional information

Funding

Research for this article would not have been possible without the financial support of the International Development Research Center, and the Defence Engagement Program of the Canadian Department of National Defence.

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