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Articles

End of the innocents: engagement and decolonization in the Global South since 1968

Pages 329-343 | Published online: 30 May 2018
 

ABSTRACT

Canada has approached the Global South (Third World) through colonial systems, as participants in British imperial structures. Canadians have seen themselves as being quite different in foreign affairs from the United States – a belief reflected in much of the literature about Canada’s international history. In at least one way, this is accurate: Canadian governments have aimed to engage rather than isolate regimes seen as American adversaries. Yet Canadian policies toward decolonization echoed those of the colonial powers and differed little from American policies. With a focus on the governments of Pierre Trudeau, Brian Mulroney and Jean Chrétien, this article examines Canadian engagement strategies with China and Cuba and its hesitant approaches to decolonization in the British Empire, Portuguese Africa, Timor-Leste and elsewhere, concluding that Canada’s diplomatic self-image diverges sharply from its actions.

RÉSUMÉ

L’approche des pays du Sud (Tiers Monde) par le Canada s’est réalisée à travers les systèmes coloniaux contribuant aux structures impériales britanniques. Les Canadiens se sont représentés comme étant bien différents des Américains en ce qui concerne les Affaires étrangères – une croyance reflétée dans la plupart de la littérature sur l’histoire internationale du Canada. D’une certaine manière au moins, cela est exact : les gouvernements canadiens ont cherché l’engagement plutôt que l’isolement des régimes considérés comme des adversaires des Américains. Pourtant les politiques canadiennes vis-à-vis de la décolonisation ont fait écho à celles des puissances coloniales et se sont faiblement distinguées de celles des États-Unis. En se focalisant sur les gouvernements de Pierre Trudeau, Brian Mulroney et Jean Chrétien, cet article examine les stratégies d’engagement avec la Chine et Cuba, et les approches hésitantes du Canada, relativement à l’Empire britannique, l’Afrique portugaise, Timor-Leste et ailleurs, pour conclure que l’auto-image diplomatique du Canada diverge fortement de ses actions.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

Notes on contributor

David Webster is author of Fire and the Full Moon: Canada and Indonesia in a Decolonizing World and editor of Flowers in the Wall: Truth and Reconciliation in Timor-Leste, Indonesia and Melanesia. This research was supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council. The author is grateful to Greg Donaghy, Stéphane Roussel, participants in the workshop on “Innovation and Adaptation: Canada and the Challenges of Globalization,” and the anonymous reviewers.

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