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Articles

Rival economic nationalisms: Brexit and the Scottish independence movement compared

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Pages 8-24 | Published online: 01 Jun 2019
 

ABSTRACT

The recent resurgence of economic nationalism, protectionism, and “authoritarian capitalism” has been polymorphic and contradictory. Moves away from multilateralism have often been justified by pleas in favor of “free but fair” trade, and bilateral liberalization. Britain is a particularly interesting case. Among the paradoxes having surrounded the Brexit process, one stands out which underlines another manifestation of this polymorphism: the Scottish government (SG) has indeed announced its intention to hold a second referendum on independence in the wake of Brexit , which is illustrative of the wider dynamism of regionalism and secessionism. As Britain is trying to regain some autonomy from the European Union (EU) therefore, internal challenges to its sovereignty are also intensifying. Yet, so far, mainstream Brexiteers’ and Scottish nationalists’ pursuit of economic autonomy has had little to do with autarky. Both movements, therefore, highlight the fact that economic nationalism should not be reduced to protectionism. Although they are opposed in their stances towards the EU, mainstream proponents of Brexit and of Scotland’s independence indeed share relatively similar (yet largely incompatible) objectives: that of diversifying their country’s commercial relations, and that of regaining control over economic policy through enhanced autonomy from specific political ensembles.

RÉSUMÉ

La récente résurgence du nationalisme économique, du protectionnisme et du « capitalisme autoritaire » a été polymorphe et contradictoire. L'abandon du multilatéralisme a souvent été justifié par des plaidoyers favorables au commerce « libre mais équitable », et à une libéralisation bilatérale. La Grande-Bretagne est un cas particulièrement intéressant. Parmi les paradoxes qui ont entouré le processus du Brexit, il en est un qui souligne une autre manifestation de ce polymorphisme : le gouvernement écossais a en effet annoncé son intention d'organiser un second référendum sur l'indépendance dans le sillage du Brexit, ce qui illustre le dynamisme plus large du régionalisme et du sécessionnisme. Par conséquent, alors que la Grande-Bretagne tente de retrouver une certaine autonomie par rapport à l'Union européenne (UE), les défis internes à sa souveraineté s'intensifient également. Pourtant, jusqu'ici, la poursuite de l'autonomie économique par les partisans du Brexit et les nationalistes écossais n'a guère eu de rapport avec l'autarcie. Ainsi, les deux mouvements mettent l'accent sur le fait que le nationalisme économique ne doit pas être réduit au protectionnisme. Bien qu'ils soient opposés dans leur position vis-à-vis de l'UE, les principaux partisans du Brexit et de l'indépendance écossaise partagent en effet des objectifs fortement semblables (mais largement incompatibles) : celui de diversifier les relations commerciales de leur pays, comme celui de reprendre le contrôle de la politique économique grâce à une autonomie renforcée vis-à-vis d'ensembles politiques spécifiques.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

Notes on contributor

X. Hubert Rioux holds a Ph.D. in political science from McMaster University. At the time of writing, he was a Banting Postdoctoral Fellow at the École nationale d'administration publique in Montreal, Québec. Dr. Rioux specializes in the study of economic nationalism, commercial diplomacy, state corporations, and industrial policy in Canada (Quebec) and the U.K. (Scotland). His work has been published in many peer-reviewed journals, and his first monograph on economic nationalism and entrepreneurial finance in Quebec and Scotland will be published at University of Toronto Press in October 2019.

Correction Statement

This article has been republished with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.

Notes

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