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Articles

Revisiting the effectiveness of economic sanctions in the context of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine

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Pages 285-300 | Published online: 17 May 2023
 

ABSTRACT

This paper addresses the relevant and ongoing debate surrounding the effectiveness of economic sanctions. In light of recent sanctions imposed by Canada, the United States, Europe, and other Western states in response to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the topic has garnered renewed attention. To assess the effectiveness of these sanctions thus far, it is important to revisit key contributions in the existing literature. We begin by defining economic sanctions and describing their most common forms. Next, we explore the question of whether sanctions are effective, by examining different conceptions of the term “effectiveness.” Then, we address the skeptics to understand why many scholars have argued that sanctions tend to be ineffective or have adverse consequences. Finally, we examine the key question of the effectiveness of economic sanctions thus far in the context of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, utilizing a five-dimensional framework devised by Lindsay (1986. Trade sanctions as policy instruments: A Re-examination. International Studies Quarterly, 30(2), 153–173). We find evidence that the sanction regime on Russia has been mostly effective thus far in dimensions of deterrence, international symbolism, and domestic symbolism, partially effective in terms of compliance, and mostly ineffective in terms of subversion. We conclude by arguing that future research should take a broader, more interdisciplinary approach when assessing sanction effectiveness.

RÉSUMÉ

Cet article aborde le débat pertinent et actuel sur l'efficacité des sanctions économiques. À la lumière des récentes sanctions imposées par le Canada, les États-Unis, l'Europe et d'autres États occidentaux en réponse à l'invasion de l'Ukraine par la Russie, le sujet fait l'objet d'un regain d'attention. Pour évaluer l'efficacité de ces sanctions jusqu'à présent, il est important de revenir sur les principales contributions de la littérature existante. Nous commençons par définir les sanctions économiques et décrire leurs formes les plus courantes, puis nous explorons la question de l'efficacité de ces sanctions en examinant différentes conceptions du terme « efficacité ». Ensuite, nous abordons la question des sceptiques afin de comprendre pourquoi de nombreux chercheurs ont soutenu que les sanctions ont tendance à être inefficaces ou à avoir des conséquences négatives. Enfin, nous examinons la question clé de l'efficacité des sanctions économiques jusqu'à ce jour, dans le contexte de l'invasion de l'Ukraine par la Russie, à l'aide d'un cadre à cinq dimensions, conçu par Lindsay (1986. Trade sanctions as policy instruments : A Re-examination. International Studies Quarterly, 30 (2), 153-173). Nous constatons que le régime de sanctions à l'encontre de la Russie a été efficace jusqu'à présent pour les dimensions de la dissuasion, du symbolisme international et du symbolisme intérieur ; partiellement efficace en termes de respect des règles et ; pratiquement inefficace en ce qui concerne la subversion. Nous concluons en soutenant que les recherches futures doivent adopter une approche plus large et plus interdisciplinaire pour évaluer l'efficacité des sanctions.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Notes on contributors

George Tsouloufas

George Tsouloufas, PhD student of political science, writes on comparative politics, political economy, and foreign policy. His current work explores the impact of extreme right parties in Europe.

Matthew Rochat

Matthew Rochat, PhD student of political science, writes on political economy, foreign policy, and economic development. Previous works have been featured in The Diplomat, E-International Relations, Diplomatic Courier, The Journal of International Relations, Peace Studies, and Development, and The Global Policy Journal.

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