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Original Articles

Spatial and temporal cladoceran community responses to environmental change and anthropogenic impacts in southwestern Québec

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Pages 97-112 | Received 10 Aug 2016, Accepted 21 Jan 2017, Published online: 17 Mar 2017
 

ABSTRACT

A high-resolution sediment record from Lac Brûlé, southwestern Québec, was studied to determine the effects of long-term climate change and anthropogenic impacts on cladoceran assemblages of the late Holocene. Temporal shifts in cladoceran communities were closely associated with known century-scale climatic episodes, namely the Medieval Warm Period (750–1250 CE), the Little Ice Age (1450–1850 CE) and the twentieth-century warming. Forward selection indicated the importance of catchment variables and aquatic primary production in governing cladoceran communities. This suggests that higher trophic levels in Lac Brûlé were responsive to changes in the physical and chemical properties of the lake, perhaps as an indirect consequence of climatic change. The exploitation of the Wallingford-Back Mine in the immediate watershed of Lac Brûlé from 1924 to 1972 CE also had notable impacts on cladoceran assemblages. To strengthen interpretations of the Lac Brûlé record, relationships between cladoceran assemblages and limnological variables were studied in surface samples from 31 lakes from the surrounding region. This spatial analysis identified nutrients (phosphorus and nitrogen) and pH as the most influential variables driving changes in present-day cladoceran communities. However, the performance of cladocera-based inference models was insufficient to quantitatively reconstruct variables in the down-core analysis of Lac Brûlé.

RÉSUMÉ

Une séquence sédimentaire à haute résolution obtenue du Lac Brûlé, au sud-ouest du Québec, a été étudiée pour déterminer les effets des changements climatiques à long terme et des perturbations d’origine anthropique sur les assemblages de cladocères de l’Holocène récent. Des changements temporels des communautés de cladocères étaient étroitement associés, à l’échelle séculaire, à des épisodes climatiques connus tels l’Optimum climatique médiéval (750–1250 EC), le Petit Âge glaciaire (1450–1850 EC) et le réchauffement du XXe siècle. La sélection ascendante a montré l’importance des variables associées au bassin-versant et à la production primaire aquatique pour expliquer la composition des communautés de cladocères. Cela suggère que les niveaux trophiques supérieurs du Lac Brûlé ont répondu à des changements des propriétés physiques et chimiques du lac, possiblement en réponse indirecte au changement climatique. L’exploitation de la mine Wallingford-Back dans le bassin-versant du Lac Brûlé de 1924 à 1972 EC a aussi eu des impacts notables sur les assemblages de cladocères. Pour renforcer les interprétations de la séquence du Lac Brûlé, la relation entre les assemblages de cladocères et les variables limnologiques d’échantillons de surface de 31 lacs de la région environnante a été étudiée. Cette analyse spatiale a identifié les nutriments (phosphore et azote) et le pH comme étant les variables les plus importantes pour expliquer les changements des communautés de cladocères actuelles. Toutefois, la performance des modèles d’inférence basés sur les cladocères était insuffisante pour permettre la reconstitution quantitative des variables le long de la séquence sédimentaire du Lac Brûlé.

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Marie Pierre Varin and Michelle Chaput for help in the field and landowners for access to the lakes. The National Capital Commission gave permission for access to lakes in Gatineau Park.

Disclosure statement

The authors do not recognize any financial interest or benefit arising from the direct applications of their research.

Supplemental material

Supplemental data for this article can be accessed here

Additional information

Funding

This work was funded by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grant [RGPIN-2015-06125].

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