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Original Article

Meeting seed demand for landscape-scale restoration sustainably: the influence of seed harvest intensity and site management

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Pages 145-155 | Received 17 May 2017, Accepted 27 Sep 2017, Published online: 10 Oct 2017
 

ABSTRACT

Native seed is often collected en masse from remnant ecosystems to supply landscape-scale restoration. Successful large-scale restoration depends on sustained seed yields but also on donor population persistence. Native plants that reproduce solely by seed are especially sensitive to harvesting practices. We addressed the challenge of procuring sufficient seed from remnant sources to restore landscapes while also maintaining remnant populations of native plants. We evaluated: 1) the sustainability of seed harvest at varying intensities in Rudbeckia hirta, a seed-reliant plant; and 2) the contribution of fire in promoting sustainability of seed donor populations. We planted seedlings of R. hirta in a field experiment that manipulated management type (burned or unburned) and harvest intensity (0, 50%, or 100% seed removed), and measured changes in seedling recruitment and seed production among treatments. Moderate intensity harvest and burning did not significantly reduce seedling recruitment, but high intensity harvest with burning reduced recruitment by 95% compared to controls. Seed production nearly doubled in burned treatments. In unburned prairie, recruitment is negligible, and harvest intensity does not have an effect on recruitment. For harvest-sensitive prairie species, a strategy incorporating moderate intensity seed harvest with burning is most likely to provide seed for large-scale restoration sustainably.

RÉSUMÉ

Les graines indigènes utilisées pour la restauration sont souvent collectées massivement dans les écosystèmes résiduels. Le succès de la restauration à grande échelle dépend de l’apport soutenu en graines, mais aussi de la persistance des populations sources. Les plantes indigènes se reproduisant uniquement par graines sont particulièrement sensibles à la collecte. Nous nous sommes intéressés au défi de fournir suffisamment de graines pour restaurer les paysages à partir de sources résiduelles tout en assurant le maintien des populations résiduelles de plantes indigènes. Nous avons évalué: 1) la durabilité de la collecte de graines à différentes intensités chez Rudbeckia hirta, une plante se reproduisant uniquement par graines; et 2) le rôle du feu dans le maintien de populations sources durables. Nous avons planté des semis de R. hirta dans une expérimentation terrain où nous avons manipulé le type d’aménagement (avec ou sans brûlage) et l’intensité de collecte (0, 50% ou 100% des graines), et nous avons mesuré les changements de recrutement de semis et de production de graines selon les traitements. La collecte modérée avec brûlage n’a pas réduit significativement le recrutement, mais la collecte à haute intensité avec brûlage a réduit le recrutement de 95%. La production de graines était presque du double dans les traitements brûlés. Dans les prairies non brûlées, le recrutement est négligeable et l’intensité de collecte est sans effet. Pour les espèces sensibles à la collecte, une stratégie incluant la collecte modérée et le brûlage est plus à-même de fournir des graines de façon durable pour la restauration à grande échelle.

Acknowledgments

We thank Neal Feeken, Travis Issendorf, and Brian Winter who assisted with important logistical support, as well as Rhett Johnson and Matt Mecklenburg who provided equipment and expertise for field operations. Sabin Adams and Jenny Heck were exceptional field and greenhouse assistants. Roger Meissner, Pam Warnke, and Julia Bohnen assisted with greenhouse seedling production. We also thank Tony D’Amato, Joe Fargione, and Bob Haight for valuable comments on research design. Aaron Rendahl gave helpful advice in experimental design and statistical analysis. The Nature Conservancy provided partial support for this work through the Nebraska Chapter’s J.E. Weaver Competitive Grants Program. Further support for this study was provided by The Dayton Fund of the Bell Museum of Natural History, a National Science Foundation Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship in Risk Analysis for Introduced Species and Genotypes, and the Lessard-Sams Outdoor Heritage Fund.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

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