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Original Article

Prioritizing dam removal and stream restoration using critical habitat patch threshold for brown trout (Salmo trutta L.): a catchment case study from Sweden

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Pages 157-166 | Received 25 Sep 2017, Accepted 27 Sep 2017, Published online: 10 Oct 2017
 

ABSTRACT

Catchments form an important terrestrial-aquatic habitat complex for biodiversity conservation and human well-being. Riparian and stream components are debated about how much habitat need to be maintained or restored in rivers subject to habitat degradation and fragmentation. Using brown trout as a focal species we tested the hypothesis that presence of suitable habitat in lotic stream sections can be predicted using habitat modelling. We modelled brown trout habitat at the catchment scale in terms of quality, size, juxtaposition of stream segments using digital elevation data, and presence of dams. The habitat models were validated against presence-absence data for local brown trout populations. A self-reproducing brown trout population was defined as having three year-classes. We identified the required minimum length (270 m) of a lotic stream section hosting a local brown trout population, corresponding to 3500 m2. Adjacent areas of lotic stream habitat between dams had a significant positive effect on brown trout presence. The abundance of brown trout was significantly positively correlated to habitat quality, and negatively to hydropower water regulation. Critical habitat loss thresholds can be used for gap analysis regarding selection of dams to be removed and where restoration measures will be most effective in a catchment.

RÉSUMÉ

Les bassins-versants forment un habitat terrestre-aquatique complexe permettant la conservation de la biodiversité et du bien-être humain. La quantité d’habitat à maintenir ou à restaurer dans les zones lotiques et ripariennes sujettes à la dégradation de l’habitat et à la fragmentation est encore sujette à débats. En utilisant la truite brune comme espèce focale, nous avons testé l’hypothèse selon laquelle la présence d’habitat favorable le long de sections de rivières peut être prédite par modélisation. Nous avons modélisé l’habitat de la truite brune à l’échelle du bassin-versant en termes de qualité, superficie et juxtaposition des segments de rivières en utilisant des données digitales d’altitude et de présence de barrages. Les modèles d’habitat ont été validés à l’aide de données de présence-absence de populations locales de truite brune. Une population auto-suffisante de truite brune était définie comme ayant trois classes d’âge annuelles. Nous avons identifié le longueur minimale requise (270 m) pour qu’un segment de rivière abrite une population de truite brune, correspondant à 3500 m2. Les sections adjacentes d’habitat lotique entre les barrages avaient un effet positif significatif sur la présence de truite brune. L’abondance de truite brune était corrélée positivement avec la qualité de l’habitat et négativement avec la régulation des niveaux d’eau pour la production hydro-électrique. Des seuils critiques de perte d’habitat peuvent être utilisés pour l’analyse de carence visant à identifier quels barrages devraient être retirés et à quels endroits dans un bassin-versant les mesures de restauration seront les plus efficaces.

Acknowledgments

The work was carried out by an emerging partnership represented by the hydropower company Mälarenergi Vattenkraft AB, the County administrative board of Västmanland, Swedish WWF and the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU). We would like to thank Berit Sers for performed field measures and analysis of data, and all involved representatives for a good and open collaborative working climate and logistic support.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This work has been financed by WWF to Johan Törnblom through the project Innovative nature conservation and Sustainable landscapes during 2014 and by the Swedish Research Council Formas [grant number 2011-1737] to Per Angelstam; WWF Sweden [Project Innovative nature conservation and Sustainable landscapes]; Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas [grant number 2011-1737].

Notes on contributors

Johan Törnblom

JT, ED, PA conceived and designed the research; JT, ED, CT performed the field measures; ED and CT analysed the data; CT performed the GIS-analysis; JT, ED, PA wrote and edited the manuscript.

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