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Original Articles

What are the principal environmental filters driving species composition and succession on mineralogically different spoil heaps?

, &
Pages 295-309 | Received 05 Feb 2018, Accepted 06 May 2018, Published online: 30 May 2018
 

ABSTRACT

The relationship between selected environmental variables and plant species composition was studied on two mineralogically different spoil heaps (Hg and Cu) in Central Slovakia with contrasting reclamation approaches. Data on plant species composition were collected by stratified random sampling in defined physiognomic vegetation types. A detrended correspondence analysis showed that most of the variability in species composition was related to the succession gradient from open communities with a low cover of vascular plants to forest vegetation, and to the moisture gradient. Variance partitioning by canonical correspondence analysis revealed that most of the variability in plant composition was related to the content of various heavy metals (27.8% at the Hg-spoil heap and 28.3% at the Cu-spoil heap), but a significant relationship was found only for Mn. Other significant factors comprised soil moisture, pH and P content for the Hg-spoil heap and soil temperature and Ca content for the Cu-spoil heap. Although heavy metal content explained most of the variability in species composition, the relationship was caused by the correlation of heavy metal content with other environmental variables rather than by a direct causal relationship.

RÉSUMÉ

La relation entre certaines variables environnementales et la composition spécifique végétale a été étudiée sur deux haldes de stériles de compositions minéralogiques différentes (Hg et Cu) avec différentes approches de restauration en Slovaquie centrale. Des données sur la composition spécifique végétale ont été recueillies par échantillonnage aléatoire stratifié selon les types physionomiques. Une analyse de correspondances redressée a montré que la majorité de la variabilité de la composition spécifique était liée au gradient successionnel passant de communautés ouvertes avec faible recouvrement de plantes vasculaires à des communautés forestières, ainsi qu’au gradient d’humidité. La partition de la variance par analyse canonique de correspondances a révélé que la majorité de la variabilité de la composition spécifique était liée au contenu en métaux lourds (27,8% à la halde Hg et 28,3% à la halde Cu), mais une relation significative n’a été trouvée que pour Mn. D’autres facteurs significatifs incluaient l’humidité du sol, le pH et le contenu en P à la halde Hg, et la température du sol et le contenu en Ca à la halde Cu. Bien que le contenu en métaux lourds expliquait la majeure partie de la variabilité de la composition spécifique, la relation était causée par la corrélation du contenu en métaux lourds avec d’autres variables environnementales plutôt que par un effet causal direct.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Pavol Midula and Jozef Černý for their efforts in gathering data, Svatava Kubešová and Marta Mútňanová for their help in determination of bryophyte taxa, Jozef Krnáč for map design and Radovan Malina for graph design.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Scientific Grant Agency of the Slovak Republic under Grant VEGA 2/0040/17.

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