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Articles

Reproducing hybridity in Korea: Conflicting interpretations of Korean culture by South Koreans and ethnic Korean Chinese marriage migrants

Pages 232-251 | Published online: 06 Oct 2015
 

Abstract

As South Korea's gender imbalance has grown, thousands of South Korean men have sought wives from the ethnic Korean minority in China. In this paper, we explore these women's experiences along with South Korea's multicultural policies, highlighting the hybrid nature of South Korean culture and challenging its hegemonic role in discourses of multiculturalism. Drawing from interviews we conducted with Korean Chinese between 2010 and 2013, we compare lived perceptions with official representations of transnational marriages. We find official representations essentialize and reify notions of ‘true’ Korean culture. We draw from Joon K. Kim's (2011) ideas of cultural paternalism and fetishism, but argue that multiculturalism itself, not merely South Korea's uncritical adaptation, should be reexamined. We conclude by asking how the Korean Chinese make competing claims to cultural authority within South Korean political space, and argue that they ambiguously blur the lines among the multiple cultures implicit in South Korean multiculturalism.

Abstract in Chinese

由于韩国男女人口比例持续失衡, 许多韩国男人开始在中国寻找朝鲜族的女人为妻。本论文将探究这些被嫁到韩国的中国朝鲜族女人的特殊经历, 同时结合对韩国文化交融政策的分析, 重点阐述韩国文化的多样性本质, 并对韩国文化在本国多元文化交融过程中所扮演的支配性地位进行讨论。根据我们从2010年到2013年间对一些韩籍朝鲜族华人的采访, 我们将这些中韩跨国夫妇对跨国婚姻的看法与韩国政府相关政策对跨国婚姻的官方解读与阐释进行了比较。我们发现韩国官方对“真正的”韩国文化的解读与阐释略显狭隘与单一。我们在对 Joon K. Kim (2011)教授关于韩国文化家长主义以及推崇文化盲目崇拜的观点给予赞同的基础上, 认为不光是韩国的文化家长主义需要接受再检验, 文化多元主义本身也需要接受重新检验。在论文的最后, 我们提出了这样的疑问: 在基于韩国文化家长主义的相关政策下, 在韩国的朝鲜族华人如何才能真正的保存他们自身的文化; 同时我们认为这些在韩生活的朝鲜族华人实际上认为韩国文化本身就是一种多元文化的综合体, 而他们自己的文化只是韩国多元文化中的一个组成部, 即对他们来说不存在一个“纯粹”或“单质”的韩国文化。

Abstract in Korean

한국의 성별 불균형 문제가 심화되면서 수많은 한국 남성들이 중국의 소수민족인 조선족으로부터 배우자를 찾고자 노력하고 있다. 이 연구는 이러한 조선족 결혼이주자들의 경험과 한국사회의 다문화 정책을 탐구하면서, 한국 문화의 혼종적 특성을 부각시키고 다문화주의 담론의 헤게모니적 역할이 지닌 문제점을 지적하고 있다. 2010년부터 2013년까지 진행된 인터뷰를 통해 한국정부가 국제결혼 문제를 어떻게 재현하고 있는지와 실제 결혼이주자들은 이를 어떻게 인식하고 있는지를 비교해 보았는데, 한국정부의 공식적인 재현은 ‘진정한’ 한국문화의 개념들을 본질적인 것으로 구체화하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. Joon K. Kim(2011)의 문화 온정주의와 물신주의 개념에 기대어 이를 설명할 수 있지만, 한국의 다문화주의는 다문화주의의 원리 자체가 무비판적으로 그대로 적용된 것이 아니라는 점에 유념하면서 재검토되어야 한다. 마지막으로, 이 연구는 중국 조선족이 한국정치의 다문화 관련 기관에 어떤 요구들을 하고 있는지를 살펴보면서, 그들이 한국 다문화주의의 여러 문화들 사이의 경계를 모호하게 하고 있음을 주장하고 있다.

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korean Government (NRF-2014S1A3A2043652).

Notes on contributors

Amelia L. SCHUBERT is a doctoral candidate in the Geography Department, University of Colorado at Boulder, USA. She is currently conducting fieldwork in Yanbian Prefecture, Jilin Province, China.

LEE, Youngmin is a Professor of Geography in the Department of Social Studies, Ewha Womans University, South Korea. He received his M.A. from the Department of Geography Education at Seoul National University, and his Ph.D. at Louisiana State University, USA. He is currently leading the Ewha research group “Social Sciences Korea,” investigating immigrant translocality in South Korea. Email: [email protected]

LEE, Hyun-Uk is a Research Professor in the Department of Social Studies, Ewha Womans University, South Korea. She received her M.A., and her Ph.D. from the University of Tokyo, Japan. She is currently working in the Ewha research group “Social Sciences Korea,” investigating immigrant translocality in South Korea. Email: [email protected]

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