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Voices from Asian Feminist Activism

The power structure in the perpetuation of female genital cutting in Kenya

Pages 128-139 | Published online: 15 Feb 2018
 

ABSTRACT

Female Genital Cutting (henceforth referred to as FGC) or Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) is a widely-practiced form of gendered violence in 28 countries across Africa, with considerable variation in prevalence by country. The intersecting collaboration of both local and international movements in Kenya led to the enactment of the “Prohibition of Female Genital Mutilation Act” (Anti-FGM Act) in 2011. The Kenyan government was also the first to establish a semi-autonomous agency, “The Anti-FGM Board,” to advocate against FGC while empowering women. Despite these positive changes, the enforcement of the Act remains to be a challenge in rural locations in Kenya. The hegemonic structural inequality of women’s social networks pressures girls to undergo FGC. This qualitative study, as a part of an initiative for producing a documentary film in Kenya, Uganda, and Ethiopia in 2010, investigates the prominent role of women’s internal networks for perpetuating FGC. The second round of the qualitative study was conducted in 2017 in Kenya. This paper seeks to show how the power dynamics of women’s networks is crucial and contributes to articulating more effective approaches to understand the practice in the case of Kenya.

ABSTRACT IN KOREAN

여성성기절제술 (FGC 혹은 FGM) 은 아프리카 28 개의 나라에 만연한 성폭력이다. 국제 사회의 관심과 현지의 노력으로 케냐는 2011 년에 “여성성기절제 금지법”을 제정하였다. 동시에 케냐는 여성의 임파워먼트를 통한 FGC 반대 운동을 펼치는 반자치적인 “반 FGC 기구”를 설립한 최초의 정부이기도 하다. 이러한 변화에도 불구하고 케냐에서는 법률 집행이 어려운 농촌 지역을 중심으로 FGC 가 여전히 많이 시행되고 있다. 헤게모니적인 구조적 불평등을 기반으로 한 여성들의 인간 관계는 소녀들이 FGC 를 겪도록 강요한다. 첫 번째 질적 연구는 다큐멘터리 영화 제작의 일부로 2010 년 케냐, 우간다, 에티오피아에서 FGC 를 지속시키는 여성들 간의 인간 관계를 연구하였다. 두번째 질적 연구는 2017 년 케냐에서 진행되었다. 본 연구는 케냐의 FGC 사례에서 여성의 인간 관계 사이에 나타나는 권력 관계의 작동의 중요성과 사회경제적 지위에 기반해 FGC 를 이해하는 효과적인 방안을 모색한다.

Notes

1. Although FGC is an academic term, the word Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) or Female Circumcision is commonly used among people who undergo the practice. For this reason, I used the term FGM when conducting interviews.

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