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Acta Botanica Gallica
Botany Letters
Volume 155, 2008 - Issue 3
870
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Original Articles

Capacités morphogénétiques in vitro, performance au champ et production d'huiles essentielles chez Ocimum gratissimum L.

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Pages 341-354 | Received 10 Jul 2007, Accepted 12 Nov 2007, Published online: 26 Apr 2013
 

Abstract

Morphogenetic capacities of Ocimum gratissimum were revealed in vitro from nodal segment—derived shoots cultivated with α-naphtalene acetic acid (NAA, 0.54 or 5.37 μM), or indolebutyric acid (IBA, 2.45 μM), or 6-benzylamino- purine (BAP, 0.44 or 4.44 μM) or kinetin (Kin, 0.46 or 4.65 μM). NAA or IBA decreased caulogenesis and slowed down rooting. Both auxins improve growth of the shoots by elongation of the inter-nodes. BAP (4.44 μM) or Kin (4.65 μM) led to bushing shoots. Four months old plantlets (10%) were successfully acclimatized in greenhouse, before being cultured in field. Essential oils were analyzed by simple gas chromatography and coupled with the mass spectrometry. Essential oil efficiencies (EO %) were found to be superior to these of the mother plant and thymol, p-cymene, γ-terpinene and ß-myrcene could be mainly identified in the harvested plants.

Résumé

Les capacités morphogénétiques d'Ocimum gratissimum sont révélées in vitro à partir de pousses issues de segments internodaux cultivées en présence d'acide α-naphtalène acétique (ANA, 0,54 μM et 5,37 μM) ou d'acide indole butyrique (IBA, 2,45 μM) ou de 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP, 2,22 μM et 4,44 μM) ou de kinétine (Kin, 0,46 μM et 4,65 μM). ANA et IBA diminuent la caulogenèse et retardent l'enracinement; BAP et Kin stimulent la rhizogenèse et génèrent des tiges feuillées buissonnantes. Après acclimatation en serre, 10% des plantules micropropagées sont transférées avec succès au champ. Les huiles essentielles (HE) extraites des plantes sont analysées par chromatographie en phase gazeuse simple ou couplée à la spectrométrie de masse. Les rendements en HE sont supérieurs à ceux des plantes témoins et les composés majeurs identifiés sont les thymol, para-cymène, γ-terpinène et β-myrcène.

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