The effect of tourism arrival on CO₂ emissions from transportation sector

Abstract

This study examines the effect of tourism arrival (TOR) on carbon dioxide emissions from the transportation sector (TCO₂). The panel methodology techniques were utilized to analyse the data which included statistics from 48 top international tourism destinations. The results in general show that TORs have a significant impact on the TCO₂ in all the selected countries with the exception of the European countries. The insignificant impact of TOR on TCO₂ in the European countries is due to the strict environmental regulations. Therefore, implementation of regulations similar to that of the European countries is recommended for the other countries to limit the pollution from the transportation sector that is caused by international TOR.

Keywords::

• tourism arrivals
• CO₂ emissions
• transportation sector
• panel analysis

Acknowledgements

We also appreciate the anonymous referees for their constructive comments. Any errors are our own.

Notes

^1. Email: [email protected]

^2. For the Pedroni co-integration, this study utilized the Schwarz info criterion to choose the optimal lag length. However, to achieve the robustness test other lag length selections were examined such as Akaike info criterion, Hannan–Quinn criterion, modified Akaike, modified Schwarz, and modified Hannan–Quinn. The entire lag selections criterion researched to the same optimal lag and the same results for the Pedroni co-integration.

Additional information

Funding

This study was supported by the UTM Flagship project with Vote No. Q.J130000.2427.00G25.