Assessment of traditional rights, local interference and natural resource management in Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary

Abstract

An assessment of human interference in Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary (KWLS) showed huge dependence of local communities on forest fringes. KWLS is under active consideration as a national park because of its unique flora and fauna. Studies have evidenced habitat destruction and successional changes in the area because of ongoing unsustainable harvesting and logging. The present study provides an integrated approach towards evaluating resource extraction and management of the sanctuary. The study was based on in-depth semi-structured interviews and group discussions with local inhabitants of six villages and with forest officials. In addition, regeneration patterns and vegetation analysis was conducted in three land tenurial systems: community forest (CF), reserve forest (RF) and protected forest (PF). Key issues identified were wildlife offences, encroachment, pressure from unsustainable harvesting of resources and lack of livelihood opportunities. Ecological studies showed continuous change in regeneration patterns in forest patches/stands. The local survey stressed managing sanctuary fringes considering the village economy, social issues and resource requirements, and enhancing on-farm resource production to reduce pressure on forests. Forest personnel demanded more training on encroachment and poaching, these being major threats to biodiversity and bio-resources. Supporting and providing better livelihood opportunities is a viable option for minimizing pressure and managing biodiversity of the area through active community participation. This study generated useful outcomes and strategies for advancing policies to reduce pressure and overcome management constraints in the sanctuary.

Keywords:

• protected area management
• Garhwal
• Indian Himalayan Region
• traditional dependence

Acknowledgement

The authors wish to thank the Director, G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development, Kosi-Katarmal, for providing facilities. We are also grateful to all those who contributed to this study for their valuable ethnobotanical knowledge. Financial support from the Tropical Soil Biodiversity and Fertility Programme (TSBF)/Global Environment Facility (GEF) is gratefully acknowledged.