Economic growth, CO₂ emissions and energy use in Israel

Abstract

This paper analyses the relationship among economic growth, energy use and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions in Israel over the period 1971–2006. Results of unit root tests show that all variables are integrated of order one. Causality results suggest that real gross domestic product (GDP) drives both energy use and CO₂ emissions. Forecast error variance decompositions (FEVDs) evidence that the errors in real per capita GDP are mainly due to uncertainty in GDP itself, while the errors in predicting the energy consumption and the CO₂ emissions are sensitive to disturbances in the other two equations. The FEVDs show that forecast errors in real per capita GDP are mainly due to uncertainty in GDP itself, the errors in predicting the energy use are sensitive to disturbances both in the GDP and in CO₂ equations, while the forecast errors in CO₂ emissions should be essentially connected to emissions itself. Finally, the vector autoregression (VAR) forecast represents an improvement in simpler forecasts in more than half the comparisons.

Keywords:

• economic growth
• CO₂ emissions
• energy use
• Israel
• time-series

Acknowledgements

Comments from Mauro Costantini (Brunel University) and Gian Cesare Romagnoli (Roma Tre University) as well as the anonymous referees are gratefully acknowledged.

Notes

1. See for more details: http://www.econstats.com/wdi/wdic_ISR.htm and http://www.iea.org/.