Using MCA tools for evaluating community-managed forests from a green economy perspective: lessons from Nepal

ABSTRACT

Nepal is in the process of formulating its forest policies at the provincial level . Various community-managed forests have been designed in the past by the Nepal government to decentralize the forest for its sustainable management practice. This study facilitates the process of identifying appropriate forest management options in two of the provinces, namely Provinces Three and Gandaki. Four forest management options – passive, active, scientific and multiple – were identified following the existing management practices. For the evaluation of the overall performance of the options, a framework with three criteria, 10 indicators and 28 verifiers were designed. The framework followed the green economy perspective considering the improvement of the forest conditions, economic and social well-being, and low carbon emission. The Analytical Hierarchy Process was used to prioritize the best management option and analyse trade-offs to guide future decision-making and reduce the risk of unwanted consequences. Our results show that the elicitation of preferences for the evaluation criteria varied by stakeholder groups. Their preference was largely guided by improving the forest resource condition and economic well-being. Foresters prefer scientific and active forest management, policymakers prefer multiple-use forest management and scientific management, whereas community forest user groups prefer active forest management. We argue that a scientific management approach may contribute better to economic aspects, although it may often compromise the other aspects. The multiple forest management option seems to be the best for green economy considering ecological, economic and social consequences.

KEYWORDS:

• Forest management practices
• green economy
• analytical hierarchy process
• stakeholders
• community managed forests
• preferences

Highlights

• A total of 10 indicators and 28 verifiers have been using for MCA tools for green economy principles.

• AHP is the most appropriate tools for identifying the best forest management options.

• Forestry stakeholders prefer forest resource condition and economic well-being compare to low-carbon emission and social well-being.

• Choice of forest management options differs among stakeholders.

• Multiple forest management is the most preferable management option.

Acknowledgments

We are thankful for the APPEAR – Austrian Partnership Programme in Higher Education and Research for Development funded under ‘Austrian Agency for International Cooperation in Education and Research (OeAD-GmbH).’ We are also grateful to the policymakers and policymakers, local government representatives, researchers, forest officials, and community forest user groups’ members for genuinely sharing information without which this research would not be possible. We also acknowledge the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of CR within the National Sustainability Program I (NPU I), grant number LO1415.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the APPEAR – Austrian Partnership Programme in Higher Education and Research for Development funded under ‘Austrian Agency for International Cooperation in Education and Research (OeAD-GmbH).