Effects of trade liberalization on firm profits and social welfare: the role of technology

Abstract

The objective of this study is to analyse the effects of trade liberalization on profits of a capital-intensive exporting country and a labour-intensive one with different cost functions and the welfare of the importing country under an oligopolistic competition framework. The results show that output is increasing in the degree of trade liberalization and price falls with it. However, the effects of freer trade on profits of the exporting countries are ambiguous and depend on the net gains in profit from free trade. Given the same level of output for both countries, a suffciently high output would bring more profits to the capital-intensive country than to the labour-intensive country. Welfare of the importing country, at least within this framework, is increasing in the degree of trade liberalization, provided that the initial level of restrictions in trade are not too high.