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Applied Economics Letters Volume 20, 2013 - Issue 8
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Original Articles

Does monitoring affect corruption? Career concerns and home bias in football refereeing

Bruno Rocha Department of Economics and Cedeplar, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilCorrespondence[email protected]
,
Fábio Sanches Department of Economics, London School of Economics, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE, UK
,
Igor Souza Department of Economics, Federal University of Ouro Preto and UFMG, Rua do Catete, 166, Mariana, Brazil
&
José Carlos Domingos da Silva Department of Economics, Fundação Escola de Comércio Álvares Penteado (FECAP) and Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUC-SP), Rua Monte Alegre, 984, São Paulo, Brazil
Pages 728-731 | Published online: 22 Nov 2012
 
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Abstract

This article evaluates refereeing bias in football games. Using a data set for Brazilian Championship, we find that referees systematically favour home teams setting more extra time in close matches in which home teams are behind. Career concerns seem to be relevant, since monitoring inhibits this behaviour and the effect of the refereeing bias on the probability of scoring in the extra time is quantitatively negligible.

JEL Classification:

Notes

1The Law of the Game gathers official football rules that are determined by the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) and authorized by the International Football Association Board.

2A club is considered large if it is part of the Big 13, the association which groups the great Brazilian soccer clubs.

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