The effect of Cram School attendance on study-alone time

ABSTRACT

What is the effect of private tutoring on study-alone time? Using a novel instrumental variable of provincial regulations on cram school curfew time, we show that private tutoring at cram school increased a student’s time spent on studying alone after school. Our IV analysis of the Korean Time Use Survey data for 2009 and 2014 shows that cram school attendance increased the student’s study-alone time by about an hour on the same day. We find no evidence that private tutoring at home substitutes for cram schooling.

KEYWORDS:

• Private tutoring
• study alone
• time use
• curfew
• cram school

JEL CLASSIFICATION:

• I21
• I28

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.