ABSTRACT
This article focuses on the effects of inward and outward FDI on manufacturing export sophistication in China by using the two-tier stochastic frontier model. The results show that inward and outward FDI has a stronger positive effect on China’s manufacturing export sophistication. Furthermore, the effects decomposition indicates that the net effect of inward and outward FDI on manufacturing export sophistication varies markedly across quantiles and regions. At the upper quartiles (Q3) and Eastern Zone, the positive net effect is more obvious than others. This illustrates that inward and outward FDI plays a significant role in driver export upgrading.
Disclosure statement
There is no conflict of interest to report by the authors.
Notes
1 For details, see Kumbhakar and Parmeter (Citation2009) and Parmeter (Citation2018).